He died of a stroke on December 10, , in San Remo, Italy. After taxes and bequests to individuals, Nobel left 31,, Swedish kronor equivalent to million U. We strive for accuracy and fairness. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives.
Thomas Edison is credited with inventions such as the first practical incandescent light bulb and the phonograph. He held over 1, patents for his inventions.
Ingrid Bergman was an internationally renowned Swedish actress known for works like Casablanca, Spellbound and Anastasia. Markus Persson is a Swedish video game programmer and founder of Mojang, the software company responsible for the international smash Minecraft.
Anders Celsius was a Swedish astronomer who built the Uppsala Observatory and invented the Celsius or centigrade thermometer scale. The government decided to ban these experiments within the Stockholm city limits. In , he was able to start mass production of nitroglycerine but he did not stop experimenting with different additives to make the production much safer.
Alfred found, through his experiments, that mixing nitroglycerine with a fine sand called kieselguhr would turn the liquid into paste which could be shaped into rods.
These rods could then be inserted into drilling holes. The invention was made in Alfred got a patent or legal right of ownership on this material the next year. These inventions were made at a time when the diamond drilling crown and pneumatic drill came into general use. Together, these inventions helped reduce the cost of many construction work like drilling tunnels, blasting rocks, building bridges, etc. Dynamite and detonating caps were much in demand in the construction industry.
Because of this, Alfred was able to put up factories in 90 different places. He lived in Paris but often traveled to his factories in more than 20 countries. He also experimented in making synthetic rubber and leather and artificial silk. By the time of his death in he had patents. Alfred had no family of his own. When it was lit and exploded, the liquid nitroglycerin would also explode. A few years later, in , he invented the blasting cap, which replaced the wooden detonator.
This early period of experimentation cost Nobel his factory, which blew up, and the deaths of a number of workmen as well as his brother, Emil. The story of how much credit this budding industrialist gave to the inventor of nitroglycerin is a bit muddied by later conflict between the two men, but the Nobel Prize website and Nobel's biographer Fant both state that Nobel never tried to claim credit for that discovery.
The said interest shall be divided into five equal parts, which shall be apportioned as follows: one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery or invention within the field of physics; one part to the person who shall have made the most important chemical discovery or improvement; one part to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine; one part to the person who shall have produced in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction; and one part to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses.
The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological or medical work by the Caroline Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm, and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting. It is my express wish that in awarding the prizes no consideration whatever shall be given to the nationality of the candidates, but that the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be a Scandinavian or not.
The will, which is now kept in a vault at the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm and has never been on display, was so impromptu that Nobel asked four random gentlemen who happened to be in the Club that day to witness the document. He raced around Paris in a horse-drawn carriage, collecting cash, papers and bonds from different banks.
He packed everything into boxes and shipped it to Sweden, from the Gare du Nord, Paris, as registered luggage. His relatives, completely unaware of his plan, were shocked.
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