The Hitler Youth was formed for the children of party members, although it remained small until the late s. Adolf Hitler was released from prison on December 20, In the following year he re-founded and reorganized the Nazi Party with himself as its undisputed leader.
The new Nazi Party was no longer a paramilitary organization and disavowed any intention of taking power by force. In any case, the economic and political situation had stabilized and the extremist upsurge of had faded, so there was no prospect of further revolutionary adventures.
In the s the Nazi Party expanded beyond its Bavarian base. Depressed working-class areas such as Thuringia also produced a strong Nazi vote, while the workers of the Ruhr and Hamburg largely remained loyal to the Social Democrats, the Communist Party of Germany, or the Catholic Centre Party. Nuremberg remained a Nazi Party stronghold, and the first Nuremberg Rally, a large annual propaganda rally, was held there in These rallies soon became massive displays of Nazi paramilitary power and attracted many recruits.
By , the party had , members. He was unimpressed by its lack of organisation, and set about transforming the group. He became responsible for recruitment and propaganda, and organised larger party meetings and rallies, where he would give speeches.
His oratory skills soon became indispensable to the party. Following this announcement, Hitler pushed for an overhaul of the party structure, replacing the democratic committee with a single leader who would have ultimate control. This proposal was rejected. On the 11 July , over a disagreement about merging with another party, Hitler resigned. Hitler stated he would only return if he was made party chairman, with dictatorial powers.
Hitler became the party chairman. Prior to Hitler joining, the Nazi Party held extremely nationalist, racist and antisemitic views.
After Hitler had joined the party, he expanded upon and marketed these ideas. Hitler had a racist world view. He believed that people could be separated into a hierarchy of different races, where some races were superior and others were inferior.
Hitler and the Nazis considered Jews to be an inferior race of people, who set out to weaken other races and take over the world. Hitler also wanted to rid Germany of the disabled, homosexuals, Roma and Sinti, and other minorities that did not fit in to his idea of an Aryan race.
His expansionist policies sought Lebensraum for the German people. Hitler wanted to create a generation of young Aryans who were physically fit and totally obedient through programmes such as Hitler Youth.
He believed these policies would unite Germany and ensure it was the strongest nation on earth. Hitler developed and publicised all of these ideas in his books, Mein Kampf and Zweites Buch , and speeches throughout his time in power. That summer, there were deadly street battles and daily assassinations. Hitler asserted that the nation needed a strong leader to unite Germany and rule in the national interest.
The Party did not emphasize antisemitism in its general campaign messaging. In the July elections, the Nazis became the largest party in the Reichstag. The Party had won Hitler, however, refused to join a coalition government unless he was appointed Chancellor. Hindenburg opposed this demand. The Reichstag elections had to be held again in November The Nazi Party remained the largest party, but had won two million fewer votes than in July. The Party dropped to seats, with Then, on January 30, , Hindenburg appointed Hitler Chancellor in a coalition government.
Hindenburg took this step after his advisers assured him that the conservative members could control Hitler. Once he became chancellor, Hitler moved quickly to bring the government under Party control. He persuaded Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag and announce new elections. The Nazi Party saturated Germany with its propaganda.
Meanwhile, the government restricted the opposition press. They used their powers to attack, arrest, and kill communists. On February 27, , there was a fire in the Reichstag building. The fire provided the excuse to declare a state of emergency. This allowed the government to abolish civil liberties and take over state governments.
Together with its coalition partner, the Party barely won a majority of seats. Hitler used arrests, intimidation, and false promises to get the necessary votes to pass the Enabling Act on March The Nazi Party did not only seize control of all levels of government. It also worked to control all aspects of German economic, social, and cultural life.
This process was called Gleichschaltung , or "coordination. Germany was declared a one-party state under the Nazi Party. Government, legal, and educational institutions were purged of Jews and suspected political opponents. Workers, employers, writers, and artists came under control of Nazi organizations. Sports and leisure activities, too, fell under Nazi control. SA men were eager to punish enemies and cash in on the Nazi takeover.
Their violence and intimidation was met with increasing public disapproval. Among the SA, however, there was talk of a second revolution. By this time, the SA had 4. In June , Germany's generals made clear to Hitler that he had to tame the SA or face a military coup. On June 30, , Hitler executed a bloody purge of the SA. Though subordinate to the SA, the SS carried out most of the murders.
As reward, Hitler made the SS an independent Nazi organization. Its leader Heinrich Himmler answered directly to Hitler. On August 2, , President Hindenburg died.
Every member of the German armed forces was then ordered to swear an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler. German military leaders had welcomed the slaughter of SA leadership. Without opposition, Hitler abolished the separate position of Reich President. The popularity of Nazi Party rhetoric is often analyzed within the context of the political and social climate in Germany at the beginning of the s. The economic crash of and the resulting economic depression crippled the country and plunged much of its population into hardship.
Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi Party, presented himself as the savior of the German nation and national identity. Hitler lost the Presidential election in ; however, he and other Nazi candidates won They won
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