Today, research is currently needed to apply the PRISM decontamination methods in radiological and biological particulate mass casualty decontamination. The commonly accepted practice of utilizing large-caliber master streams to decontaminate mass casualties could have tragic results depending on the agent selected.
The late Dr. Bill Patrick , pioneer WMD trainer and former head of the United States Biological Weapons Program at Fort Dietrich, Maryland, frequently informed hazardous materials teams of the complications that wet mass casualty decontamination efforts presented due to the natural hydrophobic properties of specific agents. As the ability to rapidly identify the threat agents continues with advanced in-field detection, the need for advanced offensive decontamination as a medical countermeasure is needed to save lives in the future.
Strategic platforms that include adequate and recent threat assessments are needed to combine rehearsed, and known response plans to defeat low-frequency WMD incidents. Complexity and ambiguity are leading metrics in cascading events such as the Tokyo sarin attack. Only through strategic platforms combined with supportive leadership can response organizations and emergency managers attempt to overcome the catastrophic effects of these incidents. Japanese culture prevented establishing the strategic platform needed to prevent, respond to, mitigate, and isolate the Tokyo incident.
The current politicized culture in the U. Asahara and Aum Shinrikyo strategically manipulated this cultural phenomenon in Japan to his success, knowing that the government did not want to be perceived as targeting religious organizations after World War II; one defining metric of incidents such as the Tokyo sarin subway attack is that terrorist groups target and manipulate any weakness in the law or emergency response modality in the designated targeted area.
Strategic platforms that include robust intelligence analysts trained in WMD and chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and high-yield explosive CBRNE proliferation, as well as mitigation, are increasingly warranted. There is a dire need for cross-pollinated emergency response and law enforcement teams at the local level in major cities to receive the sustainment and competency training to respond to low-frequency, high-volume events.
These teams need to be formulated and implemented based on competency and psychological team dynamics, with members of all emergency response domains. Toxicological medics — including tactically trained members that can eliminate the human kinetic threat, mitigate the asymmetric threat, and treat and reverse the toxic effects of CBRNE agents in the hot zone — will be a significant move forward in the response arena.
Allowing technically trained rapid response teams to reverse the intended adverse physiological effects on the human body in the hot zone involving a CBRNE agent is rapidly becoming the next emergency management platform implemented at the local level meant to save lives.
The ability to stabilize and re-establish authority in the incident away from the adversary is a crucial metric in the overall success of mitigating WMD incidents. In Tokyo, information initially disseminated by media and television agencies on the scene led to more confusion and panic across the city, causing dispatch to send identical units to multiple areas and delay response to those in critical need.
These actions ultimately increased the casualty rate of the incident. History shows that, when presented with complex low-frequency high-volume events, the success of the incident is predicated on the lack of planning and preparation of the response community more than it is on the efficacy of the chosen agents or the chosen method of dissemination by the adversary.
Competent WMD crisis communications and response operations plans in major U. Considering that, from to before the COVID pandemic , Las Vegas greeted over 40 million visitors each year combined with more than 51 million deplaned visitors at McCarren International Airport in , these allocated funds fall considerably short to support the mission that responders in Las Vegas are sworn to implement.
Due to the potential of mass casualty incidents involving CBRNE agents, it is even more critical for strategic platforms to be constructed, trained on, and sustained based on the below objectives in order to match the complexity needed to mitigate the incident rapidly:.
A fundamental lesson learned when studying this incident is that, although procuring and disseminating mass destruction agents is very difficult, the pursuit and will of using these weapons is a strong warning of activity that eventually will succeed. Four were from Japan, the interior ministry said, but 43 were from Russia, seven from Belarus, three from Ukraine, and one from Uzbekistan. Russian raids in April targeted 25 properties.
The group is illegal in Russia, but prosecutors said at the time it may have up to 30, Russian followers. A few human rights advocates in Japan have defended Aum cultists who have not been found guilty of crimes, saying they were unaware of plans to attack the Tokyo subway.
But members have little prospect of social or official acceptance, despite attempts to distance themselves from the events of more than two decades ago. Russian raids target Aum Shinrikyo cult. Aum Shinrikyo: Images from the Tokyo Sarin attack. When doomsday cult attacked Tokyo subway. Tokyo gas attack cult member jailed. Police arrest Japan cult fugitive.
Tokyo sarin gas attack trials end. Image source, AFP. Where did the cult come from? This video can not be played To play this video you need to enable JavaScript in your browser. What happened after the attack? The subway attack in pictures. A commuter caught in the Sarin attack is treated by an emergency medical team at a makeshift shelter.
Is the cult still active? Did Aum operate outside Japan? Related Topics. One month later, Russian authorities carried out dozens of raids on 25 AUM properties and opened a criminal investigation into an AUM cell.
Strength: Recent estimates suggest the group has around 1, followers. AUM continues to maintain facilities in Japan and Russia. Funding and External Aid: Funding primarily comes from member contributions and group-run businesses.
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