These small countries require appropriate development policies, such as temporary subsidies for the repatriation of high-skilled expatriates. Due to data constraints, identifying the impact of the brain drain on welfare and development in originating countries is complex. Determining the size of the effects and whether they are positive or negative remains controversial among economists.
A first priority is to improve the data on international migration along several dimensions, particularly its frequency, the quality of education, and the levels of education in different disciplines. Second, the state of comparative data on immigration laws and policies, especially their bilateral dimension between home and host countries , is another limiting factor on cross-country studies of the determinants of migration flows and for analysis of the effects of policy reforms.
With few exceptions, micro-studies of migration and development have not yet taken full advantage of the randomization revolution in statistics. A third task, then, is to design and exploit the bilateral dimensions of future migration data sets for cross-country analysis and, at a micro level, to investigate natural events and policy experiments to identify the causal effects of high-skilled migration on development outcomes.
Imposing too many restrictions on the international mobility of educated residents could be detrimental for development, although the brain drain exceeds its optimal level in most poor countries. So, for starters, policymakers should determine the level and composition of migration from their country—and whether migration is on balance harmful or beneficial.
The conditions under which a country gains or loses are not beyond its control. To a large extent, they depend on the policies it adopts education policy, quality of institutions and those in force in the main host countries. The appropriateness of adjustments of local policies and supranational interventions such as taxing emigrants, subsidizing repatriation, providing compensatory development assistance vary with such country characteristics as population size, location, and language see Appropriate policy responses to the brain drain are country-specific.
The author thanks two anonymous referees and the IZA World of Labor editors for many helpful suggestions on earlier drafts. This article is based on previous work [10] , [11] , [12]. The author declares to have observed these principles. Subject areas Authors. Home articles The brain drain from developing countries. The brain drain from developing countries The brain drain produces many more losers than winners in developing countries.
Pros The income-maximizing level of a brain drain is usually positive in developing countries, meaning that some emigration of the more skilled is beneficial. Cons The effective brain drain exceeds the income-maximizing level in the vast majority of developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, Central America, and small countries.
A brain drain may cause fiscal losses. Expected adverse and beneficial effects of skilled migration The brain drain has long been viewed as detrimental to the growth potential of the home country and the welfare of those left behind. Adverse effects The social returns to human capital are likely to exceed its private returns given the many externalities, both technological and sociological see Terms used in migration studies.
Ambiguous effect on the educational and occupational structure of the labor force The argument can, however, be reversed because uncertainty about the prospects for migration may create a bias in the opposite direction. Other beneficial feedbacks The global impact of brain drain on development and the income of those left behind depends on other beneficial feedbacks operating after migration. Remittances Remittances by high-skilled migrants to family or relatives can replenish the stock of human capital that may have been depleted in the home country by the brain drain.
Circular migration Return or circular repeated return migration is a promising route for allowing host and home countries to share the benefits of high-skilled labor mobility.
Diaspora externalities High-skilled migrants can reduce transaction costs between countries and thus facilitate trade, foreign direct investment, and technology transfers between host and home countries. Is the brain drain a cause or consequence of poverty? Download Copy. International Markets. Business Leaders. Income Tax. Tax Laws. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for Investopedia. At any time, you can update your settings through the "EU Privacy" link at the bottom of any page.
These choices will be signaled globally to our partners and will not affect browsing data. We and our partners process data to: Actively scan device characteristics for identification.
I Accept Show Purposes. Your Money. Personal Finance. Your Practice. Popular Courses. Economy Economics. What Is Brain Drain? Key Takeaways Brain drain is a slang term indicating substantial emigration or migration of individuals. Brain drain can result from several factors including political turmoil or the existence of more favorable professional opportunities elsewhere. It observes the complex issue of Brain drain in Europe and stresses the need for a stronger association between cohesion policy and measures envisaged to deal with brain drain.
Two of the key Europe objectives , increasing the percentage of employed people and improving social inclusion, are also directly relevant to creating favorable conditions which will diminish brain drain. Photo by Mantas Hesthaven on Unsplash. Become a Member. Sign up for our Newsletter. Dramatic impacts on people and territories Brain drain has a socio-economic impact on concerned regions.
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'brain drain. Send us feedback. See more words from the same year. Accessed 14 Nov.
More Definitions for brain drain. See the full definition for brain drain in the English Language Learners Dictionary. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!
Log in Sign Up.
0コメント