The multimillion earnings gained from the fights for the Super Heavyweight World Champion title in the mid s became a part of the deal. In addition to TV broadcases, professional boxing popularization in America and Europe was done through arrangements of boxing matches in casinos. The most prestigious casinos in Las-Vegas, Atlantic City and New Jersey profited from professional boxing tournaments, although those boxing shows were worldwide recognized as well.
The sharing of the control resulted in the situation when the competing organizations awarded similar titles to different boxers.
In Europe, the International Boxing Union became the body governing professional boxing, which was reorganized in into the European Boxing Union. Several attempts were undertaken to establish a unified association controlling the professional boxing worldwide, but they all failed. It has adopted an independent computerized rating system as its own rating. The fact that the boxer who weighed more had an advantage over the less weighed opponent served as a basis for that classification.
The above weight groups should be observed in all the world and national competitions. If he fails the fight might be abolished. The great popularity of the professional boxing resulted in actual existence of 17 weight groups. The USA and other countries have their own rules for boxing tournaments. The boxing tournaments are conducted in a square ring, the side of which may vary from 18 till 22 feet from 5 m, 49 cm till 6 m, 71 cm.
Three stretched ropes encircle the ring. The rules regulating amateur boxing tournaments are unified all over the world. The amateur boxing tournaments are usually divided into three rounds paused by two one-minute breaks. The duration of one round is three minutes. Boxers should protect the heads with specially fitted helmets. The referee usually controls how the rules of a tournament are observed. The scoring in the amateur tournaments is usually carried out by three to five referees standing close to the ring and deciding who is the winner.
The amateur boxing tournament rules should be strictly followed. The amateur boxing rules differ significantly from those adopted in professional boxing. The professional boxing fights may last from four to twelve rounds.
The duration of one round is limited by three minutes, although the two-minutes rounds are often arranged in England. The professional boxing tournaments used to last for fifteen rounds, however by the end of thes, WBC, WBA and IBF passed the common decision to limit the number of rounds by twelve. The boxers are usually equipped with padded gloves weighing from eight to ten ounces ,8 — ,3 g. The referee usually stands in the center of a ring and observes how the fighting rules are followed.
Some rules allow presence of two-four referees outside the ring. But scoring is carried out only by three of them ringside referees , which estimate the scores for each of the boxers and make a decision regarding a winner. The scoring is done for each round, and in order to determine the winner at least two or three referees should give a preference to one of the boxers. The bout may be ended by a knockout when one of the fighters is knocked down and is not able to stand up and continue fighting within ten seconds, i.
The tournament may be drawn as well, i. This decision may be taken when two boxers are disqualified or withdrawn from the tournament. The win may be awarded to one of the boxers if the other is disqualified. The disqualification may be caused by the rules violation by one of the boxers hitting by head, punching beneath the waist, etc , the sporting equipment or the weight group of one of the boxers does not fit the specified weight qualification.
An efficient attack in boxing usually depends on the ability to make the strong and fine hand punches in the head and body of the opponent. In the first case the left hand and the left leg are put ahead, in the second stand-up — the right leg and the right hand are positioned ahead.
Another London fighter, Daniel Mendoza, had a significant effect on the style of fighting. Mendoza, a small Jewish fighter from the East End, set up the Mendoza School after receiving severe punishment in his first win against a much larger, heavier opponent. Footwork, sparring and counter punches helped changed boxing from the sluggish brutal bouts to the more sophisticated fight game. He held the title from to During this period the Queensbury Rules of were invented to include three minute rounds, no wrestling or hugging, a ten second count and gloves to be worn for the first time.
Chambers are still used today. By the end of the s British Champions were starting to lose their hold on the sport and the American legend John L. Sullivan held the title for 10 years and invoked the popularity of the sport in America.
One particularly brutal group from Wales were collectively known as the Mountain Men , most of whom were miners looking to earn extra money though some were full time fighters.
Operating around the turn of the twentieth century, they acquired their name because they usually fought on the side of the Welsh hills and mountains. A makeshift boxing ring would be set up by putting four sticks in the ground and tying a rope around them and like the booth fighters, the mountain Men would rely on nobbings for payment. Another inventive way they fought was to bury the fighters up to their waist in earth so all they could do was slug each other until one opponent was unconscious, the other being declared the winner.
One of the most feared and respected of the Mountain Men was Lewis Roderick, whose wrists were so misshapen from his career that when the police tried to arrest him, their cuffs would not go over them.
Roderick was unfortunately involved in one too many of these savage fights and ended up going mad. Brain damage and deaths were relatively common on the bare knuckle circuit and sometimes manslaughter charges were brought against the surviving boxer involved in the illegal contest when things went wrong.
Black Boxers in the Early Twentieth Century A particularly distasteful side of late 19th century boxing was the so-called Battle Royale. This was where a group of up to ten young black fighters would slug it out in some back-street venue and keep fighting until only one was left standing.
To make it more entertaining for the jeering crowd, the youngsters were often blindfolded and the onlookers, usually white men, would bet on the outcome, rewarding the winner with nobbings at the end of the contest. A few years later in , the American Jack Johnson became the first black heavyweight champion of the world but not before following the former champ, Tommy Burns, all around the world and challenging him at the end of all his tour fights.
When the fight finally happened Johnson demolished Burns, a victory that was widely considered a national upset. After defending his title in against James J. Jeffries, commonly known as the original Great White Hope pictured below , there were more race riots in twenty-five states and fifty cities across the country.
Twenty-three black people and two white people were reported to have been killed during the disturbances and several lynching attempts were prevented by authorities. The whole of the white population of America seemed to want Johnson beat in the ring and in a bid to prevent further civil unrest, he would often have to take it easy against white opponents for the first seven or eight rounds before going after the knock out, which he usually achieved. John L. Even Johnson himself openly refused to fight other black boxers such as Sam Langford as there was little money to be made from it.
It can be argued that black boxers only began to be seen as equals in the boxing ring in America after Joe Louis beat the German fighter Max Schmeling in The press built the fight as a battle between America and Nazi Germany and when Louis won the fight in the first round, he became a national hero for all races and a symbol of the superiority of democracy over fascism.
In Britain, the situation was even worse as in , the Lonsdale Belts were set up but excluded black boxers from competing. Assassin's Creed Syndicate preview of one of many associate activities.
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